Oil extraction
Oil extraction process in which oil is extracted from the ground.
Locate oil field
Geologists use seismic surveys to search for geological structures that could have a composition of oil storage tanks. The traditional method "" Here in bringing about the bombing of the underground in the vicinity, and note the seismic response that provides information about the geological structures beneath the earth [1]. But it is also used in this regard methods "negative", which are the ways in which information derived from the seismic waves that occur naturally. [1]
There are other tools are also sometimes used for oil, such as gravity and magnetic measuring devices measuring devices. Extraction of crude oil naturally begins to dig wells in the underground reservoir. Upon reaching the oil wells, it will notice his presence geologist (which is defined as the oil platform "mud samples data recorder"). This recorder sitting on the podium. Old in the United States, some oil fields are located where the climb of oil naturally to the surface, but most of these fields have been exhausted for a long time, except for some places in Alaska. Usually dig many wells (known as multilateral wells) in the same tank, so as to ensure the viability of the extraction rate to stay economically. Some wells may also be used (secondary wells) to pump water, or steam, or acids or types of multi-gas mixture in the tanks to raise or maintain the reservoir pressure, and then maintaining economic extraction rate.
Drilling
Oil well is created by drilling a long hole in the ground using oil platform. And placed a steel tube (cover) in the hole to give structural integrity of the wellbore which recently dug. Then holes are made in the base of the well to enable the oil from passing into the pit. Finally, a set of valves known as "Christmas tree" be placed at the top, a valve that adjusts the pressure and flow control.
Oil extraction and deduced
The initial extraction
In the initial stage of recovery, reservoir stimulation is caused by a number of natural mechanisms. These include: the development of water naturally instead of oil in the well, and the deployment of natural gas top of the tank, and gas diffusion, which was dissolved initially in crude oil, and discharge of gravity resulting from the movement of oil inside the tank from the upper parts to the lower parts where is located the wells. The extraction factor in the initial extraction stage is usually 5-15%. [2]
Although the pressure under the Earth's surface in the oil tank be enough to push the oil to the surface, to be a complex of valves installed mode (Christmas tree) at the mouth of the well to connect a network of pipelines for storage and processing. The pumps are sometimes used, such as vertical pumps and electrical submersible pumps (ESP), to bring the oil to the surface; and know these pumps industrial lifting mechanisms.
Secondary recovery
Over the life of the well, the pressure is reduced, and when you reach a certain stage, it becomes ground pressure is insufficient to push the oil to the surface. After a decline in the natural reservoir pressure is applied to the secondary recovery methods. These methods rely on external power supply to the reservoir in the form of fluid injection to increase the reservoir pressure, thus replacing the natural reservoir pay to pay, industrial, or increase the normal payment. Secondary recovery techniques increase the reservoir pressure through water injection, and natural gas re-injection of gaseous lift, which injects air, or carbon dioxide or other gases to the bottom of other active wells, which reduces the overall density of the fluid in the wellbore. An extraction factor usually in water flows, processes about 30%, depending on the characteristics of the oil and the reservoir rocks. On average, ranging recovery factor after the extraction of primary and secondary between 35 and 45% oil operations. [2]
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