Satellite
Satellite or space or satellite, the satellite is a device of making a human in orbit in outer space around the Earth or on another planet, and the many, such as communications and inspection and detection work.
Is the first satellite Sputnik 1, sent by the Soviet Union in 1957. From that time until the year 2007, more than 5500 satellite put on diuretics satellite around the Earth, according to Jack Phelan (Eng student of the history of the satellite) and remained 700 of them in the case of satellite activity.
The satellite has an important role in several fields such as the economy (communications, weather forecasts and identify places ..) and security (military intelligence) and scientific research (the study of space and earth observation and transformations ...).
The satellite two-part career Part and Part custodial composed. Career segment is expected segment-based business from the satellite according to his specialty and the task that sent her. And custodial part is a part that provides the right environment for the work of the functional part, in terms of energy and protection, payment and provide guidance. The satellite is controlled from a ground station in the predominantly to perform tasks or make changes to the site.
Naming of satellite
Arabs were the first to use the word satellite in astronomy indication of the space objects that other track and move in its orbit, The moon satellite of the Earth, the satellite collected and origin of the folk style Stella, which came out consecutive one by one. The style tears flocked any means follow. [1].
The Arab satellite word entered the English language through Latin and French to become (in English: Satellite) [citation needed].
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The launch of the satellite by agreement and contract with a specialist in that satellite companies, but for insurance purposes make satellites completely identical, even if Tah satellite in space for technical errors and did not stay in orbit, they launched a second version of it, it is used for this purpose spacecraft private withstand these satellites and with it launched in the orbit, and then using the means of remote control a team of experts in the earth adjusts the satellite to carry out his duties.
Physical principles
Put on orbit
In order to enable the body to stay on a certain orbit around the Earth, it must be horizontal velocity to the center of the Earth is about 7700 m / s in a circular orbit 200 km from Earth, and less than this height will be the impact of a strong atmosphere. And more than this speed becomes Ahljugia orbit. Speeds more than 11 km / sec body free from Earth's gravity. The speed of liberalization of these serve to launch a spacecraft that goal planets and celestial Okhry.ism the projectile from the surface of the earth path Ahljugia ends with the return of the body to the ground due to its attractiveness, increasing primary speed is falling points, starting from a certain speed and due to the spherical earth, able body of full separation from the ground although its survival in the event of the fall, and in order to continue this separation should be the body access to space out of the atmosphere to avoid the influence of the latter (Kalaankak wrapper). In this case the presence of the body in this orbit does not require effort to stay.
The minimum speed to put a satellite must be commensurate with the weight of the body subject (ie the mass of the Earth's gravity).
Equipment
Equipped with satellite launched by the cells of light to generate the necessary energy from the sun to run, and sometimes processed nuclear batteries in the case of heavy use of energy (energy generated is not enough light from the cells). As processed Balloaqt transmitters, cameras, radars own depending on the specialization of these satellites. And it can be controlled remotely. According to the satellite orbital altitude is determined by the type and the way it moves and the direction of the area covered.
Species
Diverse range of satellites required of them purposes. You are created for specific types for each purpose. Among these types:
Astronomical Satellite.
Satellites used for communications and television broadcasting.
Earth observation satellites and the study of weather and weather.
Satellites used for navigation.
Dora the Explorer satellites.
Satellites used in solar energy.
Satellite minute.
Military satellites.
States that have launched satellites
The first artificial satellite launched each State
Soviet Union 1957 Sputnik 1
United States 1958 Explorer 1
Canada 1962 Alouette 1
Italy 1964 San Marco 1
France 1965 Astérix
Australia 1967 WRESAT
Germany 1969 Azur
Japan 1970 Ōsumi
China 1970 Dong Fang Hong I
United Kingdom 1971 Prospero X-3
Poland 1973 Intercosmos
Netherlands 1974 ANS
Spain 1974 Intasat
India 1975 Aryabhata
Palapa Indonesia 1976
Czechoslovakia 1978 Magion 1
Bulgaria 1981 Intercosmos
Brazil 1985 Brasilsat A1
Mexico 1985 Morelos 1
Sweden 1986 Viking program
Israel's 1988 horizon
Luxembourg 1988 Astra 1A
Morocco 1989 Atlas 1
Argentina 1990 Lusat
Pakistan 1990 Badr-1
South Korea 1992 Kitsat A
Portugal 1993 PoSAT-1
Thailand 1993 Thaicom
Turkey 1994 Turksat 1B
Chile 1995 FASat-Alfa
Malaysia's MEASAT 1996
Norway 1997 Thor 2
Philippines 1997 Mabuhay 1
Egypt 1998 Nilesat 101
Denmark 1999 Ørsted
South Africa 1999 SUNSAT
Saudi Arabia 2000 Saudisat 1A
United Arab Emirates in 2000 Thuraya
Algeria 2002 SAT 1
Greece 2003 Hellas Sat 2
Nigeria 2003 Nigeriasat 1
Iran 2005 Sina-1
Kazakhstan 2006 KazSat
Colombia 2007 Libertad 1
Vietnam 2008 VINASAT-1
Venezuela 2008 Venesat-1
Switzerland 2009 SwissCube-1
Qatar 2013 Suhail Sat
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